Pulp yemubamboo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mapepa, machira nedzimwe nzvimbo nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwechisikigo hwekurwisa mabhakitiriya, hunogona kushandiswazve uye hune hushamwari kune nharaunda. Kuedza mashandiro emubamboo pulp yemubamboo mumuviri, makemikari, michina uye nharaunda kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chakanaka uye chakachengeteka. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuyedza dzakakosha pakuvandudza makwikwi emusika.
Pulp yemubamboo imhangura yakagadzirwa neshinda yakagadzirwa nebamboo nenzira dzemakemikari, zvemakanika kana semi-chemical. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwechisikigo hwekurwisa mabhakitiriya, hunogona kudzokororwa uye hune hushamwari kune nharaunda, pulp yemubamboo yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mapepa, machira nedzimwe nzvimbo mumakore achangopfuura. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwemhando yezvigadzirwa zvemubamboo pulp uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa, kuyedzwa kwepulp yemubamboo chinhu chakakosha. Chinyorwa chino chichatarisa pazvinhu zvekuedza, nzira uye kukosha kwepulp yemubamboo.
1. Hunhu hwepakutanga hwemupunga wemushenjere
Bamboo pulp ifiber yakagadzirwa ne bio-based ine hunhu hunotevera:
Kuwanda kwe cellulose yechisikigo: Bamboo pulp ine cellulose yakawanda, iyo inogona kupa simba rakanaka uye kusimba.
Kureba kwefiber iri pakati nepakati: Kureba kwefiber yemubamboo kuri pakati pefiber yehuni nefiber yehuswa, izvo zvinoita kuti pulp yemubamboo ive yakasiyana uye yakakodzera mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira mapepa.
Kudzivirirwa kwakasimba kwezvakatipoteredza: Sechirimwa chinokura nekukurumidza, pulp yemushenjere ine hunhu hwezvinhu zvinogadziriswazve uye kuburitsa kabhoni shoma, zvichiita kuti ive pulp ine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza.
Hunhu hwekurwisa mabhakitiriya: Fiber yemubamboo yechisikigo ine hunhu hwekurwisa mabhakitiriya uye ine mashandisirwo akakosha mukupakira chikafu, zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza muviri uye zvimwe zvinhu.
Zvinhu zvekuedza zvemusanganiswa webamboo zvinosanganisira kuongororwa kwehunhu hwemuviri, hwemakemikari uye hwemakanika, zvinosanganisira kuongorora kuumbwa kwefiber, simba, kuchena, kuchena, mashandiro ekuchengetedza nharaunda, nezvimwewo.
2. Zvinhu zvekuongorora pulp yemubamboo uye kukosha kwayo
2.1 Kuedzwa kwezvivakwa zvemuviri
Hunhu hwemuviri ndihwo hwaro hwemhando yemupumburu webamboo, hunosanganisira kureba kwefaibha, chimiro chefaibha, huwandu hwedota, huwandu hwetsvina nezvimwe zvinhu.
Kureba kwefiber: Kureba kwefiber yemupumburu webamboo kune simba guru pakusimba uye magadzirirwo epepa. Fiber dzakareba zvakanyanya kana kuti pfupi zvakanyanya dzichakanganisa kufanana uye hunhu hwemagadzirirwo ezvigadzirwa zvepepa. Kureba uye kupararira kwefiber kunogona kuyerwa nefiber analyzer.
Kuwanda kwedota: Kuwanda kwedota kunoreva huwandu hwezvinhu zvisingatsvi mu pulp yemubamboo, izvo zvinonyanya kubva muzvinhu zvisina organic zviri mubamboo uye zvinozadza kana makemikari anowedzerwa panguva yekugadzirisa. Kuwanda kwedota kunoderedza simba uye kugona kwe pulp, saka kuonekwa kwedota chiratidzo chakakosha mukudzora kunaka kwe pulp yemubamboo.
Kusachena: Kusachena kuri mu pulp yebamboo (senge jecha, matanda, fiber bundles, nezvimwewo) kunokanganisa chitarisiko uye hunhu hwemagadzirirwo ezvigadzirwa zvemapepa ekupedzisira. Kusachena kwakanyanya kuchaita kuti pamusoro pepepa pave pakaoma, zvichideredza kutsetseka uye kushanda kwepepa rapera.
Kuchena: Kuchena chiratidzo chakakosha cheruvara rwemupumburu, kunyanya kune pulp yemushenje inoshandiswa mukugadzira bepa rekunyorera nepepa rekudhinda. Kuchena kwacho kwakanyanya, ndiko kunoita kuti bepa rionekwe zviri nani. Kuchena kwacho kunowanzo kuyerwa nechiyereso chekuchena.
2.2 Kuonekwa kwemakemikari
Kuonekwa kwemakemikari emupumburu webamboo kunosanganisira kuongorora cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin uye solvent residues. Izvi zvikamu zvemakemikari zvinokanganisa zvakananga hunhu hwemuviri uye hunhu hwekugadzirisa mupumburu webamboo.
Kuwanda kweCellulose: Cellulose ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mu pulp yemubamboo, iyo inosarudza kusimba kwe pulp yemubamboo uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvigadzirwa zvepepa. Kuwanda kwe cellulose mu pulp yemubamboo kunogona kuonekwa nenzira dzekuongorora makemikari kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwakasiyana.
Kuwanda kweLignin: Lignin chinhu chakakosha pamadziro emasero emiti, asi mukugadzira mapepa, zvinowanzo kurudzirwa kubvisa chikamu chelignin kuti pulp ive yakachena uye yakapfava. Kuwanda kwelignin kuchaita kuti pulp ive yakasviba, zvichikanganisa kunaka kwepepa rapera. Kuonekwa kweLignin kunogona kuitwa nekushandisa makemikari kana kuongorora spectral.
Kuwanda kweHemicellulose: Sezvo iri chikamu chidiki mumhango yemhangura, hemicellulose inoita basa rekudzora kubatana pakati pemafibers uye kupfava kwepulp. Kuwanda kwehemicellulose zvine mwero kunogona kuwedzera kugona kwepulp.
Zvisaririra zvemakemikari: Mukugadzirwa kwemupumburu webamboo, mamwe makemikari (akadai sealkali, bleach, nezvimwewo) anogona kushandiswa. Nokudaro, kuona kana paine zvisaririra zvemakemikari mupumburu webamboo idanho guru rekuona kuchengetedzeka kwechigadzirwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
2.3 Kuedza simba remakanika
Kuedza simba remuchina wesimbi yebamboo kunosanganisira kusimba kwekudhonza, kusimba kwekubvaruka, kutsungirira kupetwa, nezvimwewo. Zviratidzo izvi zvinokanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwemapepa kana machira anogadzirwa kubva musimbi yebamboo.
Simba rekudhonza: Simba rekudhonza rinoratidza kunamira uye kusimba kweshinda dzemupumburu webamboo. Kuedza simba rekudhonza remupumburu webamboo kunogona kuongorora kugadzikana kwaro panguva yekuumbwa kwepepa uye hupenyu hwebasa repepa rapera.
Simba rekubvaruka: Kuedza simba rekubvaruka kunoshandiswa kuongorora simba rinogona kutsungirira bepa remubamboo panguva yekutambanudza nekubvaruka. Bepa remubamboo rine simba rekubvaruka rakakodzera kushandiswa rine simba rakawanda sepepa rekurongedza nepepa remuindasitiri.
Kuramba kupeta: Kuramba kupeta zvinoreva kugona kwefiber yemubamboo kuchengetedza kunaka kwayo panguva yekupeta kakawanda, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kune zvigadzirwa zvemubamboo pulp zvinogadzira mabhuku emhando yepamusoro kana zvinhu zvekurongedza.
2.4 Kuyedzwa kwekushanda kwezvakatipoteredza
Sezvo pulp yemushenjere ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukupakata, mumidziyo yekudya, muzvimbuzi nemimwe minda inosangana zvakananga nemuviri wemunhu, zvinodiwa pakuchengetedza nharaunda zvakanyanya.
Kuora kwemuti: Sechirimwa chinogona kushandiswazve, pulp yemushenjere inogona kuora zvakanaka. Nekutevedzera maitiro ekuora kwemuti munzvimbo yechisikigo murabhoritari, mashandiro ekuora kwemushenjerere anogona kuongororwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti unosangana nezvinodiwa zvakatipoteredza.
Kuonekwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza: Zvigadzirwa zvemubamboo pulp zvinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti hazvina zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakaita sesimbi dzinorema, formaldehyde, phthalates, nezvimwewo. Pazvigadzirwa zvemubamboo pulp paper zvinoshandiswa pakurongedza chikafu, zvigadzirwa zvehutsanana, nezvimwewo, mhando iyi yekuongorora inonyanya kukosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa hazvina njodzi kumuviri wemunhu.
Kuongororwa kwemushonga wekuchenesesa weFluorescent: Kuwanda kwemushonga wekuchenesesa weFluorescent mubamboo pulp kunokanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu uye mashandiro epepa munzvimbo yakapoteredza, saka kushandiswa kwemushonga wekuchenesesa weFluorescent kunofanirwa kuyedzwa.
3. Nzira dzekuyedza
Kuyedza pulp yemubamboo kunosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa uye nzira dzekuongorora makemikari. Zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvekuedza, nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzinosanganisira:
Nzira yekuongorora nemicroscope: inoshandiswa kuona chimiro, kureba uye kupararira kwefibers dzebamboo pulp kuti ibatsire kuongorora mashandiro ekugadzira bepa rayo.
Nzira yekuongorora makemikari: Zvikamu zvemakemikari zviri mubamboo pulp, zvakaita se cellulose, lignin, uye hemicellulose, zvinoonekwa ne acid-base titration, gravimetric analysis kana spectral analysis.
Muyedzi wemichina: Kuedza simba rekusimba, simba rekubvaruka uye kutsungirira kunopetwa kunogona kuitwa nevayedzi vemichina ye pulp kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti hunhu hwemichina ye bamboo pulp hunosangana nezvinodiwa.
Photometer: Inoshandiswa kuona kuchena uye kupenya kwemupumburu webamboo kuona kuti chimiro chemupumburu webamboo chinozadzisa zvinodiwa pakushandiswa kwepepa.
Kuedza kushanda kwezvakatipoteredza: Tsvaga zvinhu zvinokuvadza zviri mumhango uchishandisa zvishandiso zvekuongorora makemikari (zvakadai seatomic absorption spectrometer, gas chromatograph).
4. Kukosha kwekuyedza pulp yemushenjere
Kuonekwa kwemupumburu wemubamboo kwakakosha zvikuru kuti chigadzirwa chive chemhando yepamusoro uye chinoshanda. Sezvo mupumburu wemubamboo uri chinhu chisina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza, unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mapepa, machira nedzimwe nzvimbo, uye hunhu hwawo hunokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zviri pasi pemvura uye ruzivo rwemutengi.
Kuvimbiswa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa: Simba remuchina, kureba kwefaibha, kuchena uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari emupumburu webamboo zvine chekuita zvakananga nemhando yekupedzisira yezvigadzirwa zvepepa kana machira. Kuburikidza nekuyedza, kugadzikana kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa mukugadzirwa kunogona kuve nechokwadi.
Vimbiso yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza: Kana pulp yemushenjere ichishandiswa pakurongedza chikafu uye kugadzira zvinhu zvehutsanana, inofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti haina makemikari anokuvadza. Kuyedza ndiyo kiyi yekuona kuti chigadzirwa chakachengeteka.
Kuvandudzwa kwemakwikwi emusika: Zvigadzirwa zvemabamboo pulp zvemhando yepamusoro zviri kukwikwidzana mumusika, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo ekuti vatengi vanoteerera kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvigadzirwa zvemabamboo pulp zvine hunyanzvi zvinogona kuwana kuzivikanwa kwakanyanya pamusika.
5. Mhedziso
Sechinhu chitsva chisina njodzi kunharaunda, pulp yemubamboo iri kuwedzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakadai sekugadzira mapepa nemachira. Nekuyedza zvizere hunhu hwemubamboo, makemikari, michina uye zvakatipoteredza, hunhu hwayo uye kuchengetedzeka kwayo mukushandiswa kwakasiyana kunogona kuve nechokwadi. Sezvo kushandiswa kwepulp yemubamboo kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, nzira dzekuyedza uye mwero wepulp yemubamboo zvichavandudzwa zvakanyanya kusimudzira kukura kwakanaka kweindasitiri yepulp yemubamboo.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-12-2024
