Mutsai vatengi kuti vafunge nezvekudzokorodza kushandiswa kwemarara ane njodzi epepa

1. Kudzamisa Maitiro Ekuchengetedza Rusvingo

Tani imwe chete yepepa rakaraswa, riri kushandiswazve, rinokwanisa kutora nguva itsva, richishanduka kuita 850 kg yepepa rakadzokororwa. Kuchinja uku hakungoratidzi chete kushandiswa zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa, asiwo kunodzivirira zviwanikwa zvehuni zvinokosha zvemakubhiti matatu, kuitira kuti zvirambe zvichibudirira musango uye kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Panguva imwe chete, maitiro aya anochengetedza 100 cubic metres yemvura, izvo zvakanaka pakuderedza dambudziko rekushaikwa kwemvura.

Panyaya yekuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, tani yega yega yemapepa emarara anoshandiswa anoderedza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvemakemikari zvinosvika 300kg, nokudaro zvichideredza kuburitswa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinogona kugadzirwa panguva yekugadzira. Pamusoro pezvo, matani 1.2 emarasha uye 600 kWh yemagetsi zvinogona kuchengetedzwa, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo, uye kukurudzira kukura kwesimba rinogara kwenguva refu.

Kushandisa tani imwe chete yezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nepepa rakadzokororwa 100% kunoderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide nematani 11.37. Izvi hazvisi kungoratidza ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza chete, asiwo mhinduro yakanaka kukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose. Kushandiswa kwepepa rakadzokororwa kuri kuita simba guru mukusimudzira mararamiro egirini uye kuvaka nzanga isina kabhoni yakawanda.

2. Zvisaririra zviri mumapepa asina kucheneswa, zvinhu zvekushandisa pakubika mapepa akadzokororwa, uye migumisiro yazvo
Mapepa emarara panguva yekudzokorodza, anowanzo takura marara akasiyana-siyana, marara aya haangogumiri panjodzi kuhutano hwevanhu chete, asiwo anogona kukanganisa nharaunda.

Simbi dzinorema ndeimwe yesimbi dzinowanikwa mumapepa asina kucheneswa. Maitiro ekugadzira bepa rakadzokororwa anogona kunge aine zvinhu zvesimbi zvinorema zvakaita se lead, mercury ne cadmium. Simbi idzi dzine chepfu mumuviri wemunhu, uye kugara kwenguva refu uchidya kana kushandisa zvinhu zvine simbi dzinorema kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano. Zvakanyanya kuipa, simbi dzinorema hadzisi nyore kuora munzvimbo yakasikwa, uye kana dzangopinda mu ecosystem, dzinogona kuungana nhanho nhanho kuburikidza nekudya, zvichizopedzisira zvakonzera kukuvara kwe ecosystem.
Zvinhu zvipenyu chinhu chakakoshawo chinosara mumapepa asina kuchena. Kana bepa rakadzokororwa rikasangana nemakemikari netupukanana panguva yekushandiswa, pulp iri mairi inogona kuora kuita zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvipenyu, zvakaita sebenzene nephenol. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kukuvadza muviri wemunhu nenharaunda, uye zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano akadai sekutsamwa kweganda nematambudziko ekufema. Zvinogonawo kusvibisa mvura nevhu, zvichikanganisa kukura nekukura kwezvirimwa nemhuka.

Utachiona netupukanana twuriwo zvisaririra zviri mumapepa akadzokororwa ayo asingafaniri kuregeredzwa. Marara emapepa anogona kuva nemabhakitiriya akasiyana-siyana netupukanana, akadai seEscherichia coli, pneumococcus nehonye, ​​kana asina kurapwa zvakanyanya panguva yekudzokororwa kwemapepa. Utachiona uhu hunokanganisa hutano hwevanhu uye hutsanana hwenzvimbo, uye hunogona kukonzera kutapurirana kwezvirwere nekusvibiswa kwenzvimbo.

Mukuita kwekutora mapepa emarara uye kuashandisazve, matanho anoshanda anofanira kutorwa, akadai sekuvandudza kuunganidzwa kwakasiyana kwemapepa emarara, kuvandudza maitiro ekugadzira mapepa emarara akadzokororwa uye kusimbisa kucheneswa kwemapepa akadzokororwa, kuitira kuderedza njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu nenharaunda inokonzerwa nemasara ari mumapepa emarara. Panguva imwe chete, veruzhinji vanofanirawo kuvandudza ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza, kushandiswa zvine musoro uye kuraswa kwemapepa emarara, uye kuchengetedza pamwe chete nharaunda yedu.

3. Njodzi dzinogona kuitika mupepa rakadzokororwa
Maitiro ekugadzira bepa rakadzokororwa ibasa rakaoma uye rinonetsa, rinosanganisira kufashaidza pulp pakupisa kwakanyanya, kuwedzera calcium hypochlorite, uye kuuraya utachiona panguva yekuumba silinda. Matanho aya ekugadzirisa anouraya mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi akawanda, nokudaro zvichiita kuti bepa rakadzokororwa rive rakachena. Zvisinei, kunyangwe nemaitiro aya akaomarara ekugadzira, kuchine mamwe maspores efungus anogona kuoma kubvisa, kusanganisira mhando dzakadai sePenicillium, Aspergillus erythropolis naAspergillus flavus.
Kazhinji zvinobva pamapepa asina kuchena, zvipembenene izvi zvinokwanisa kugara munzvimbo yazvo uye zvinogona kurarama mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana akaoma. Kunyangwe kana tembiricha yakakwira kusvika kumazana emadhigirii, zvipembenene izvi zvichiri kugona kurarama. Panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo hwemakemikari hwakagadzikana, maasidhi akasimba uye alkalis uye mishonga inouraya zvipembenene nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvekuuraya zvipembenene hazviwanzo batsira pakuzvidzivirira.
Pakati pezvipembenene izvi zvechikonye, ​​Aspergillus flavus ine chepfu yakanyanya. Inoonekwa zvakanyanya seimwe yezvinhu zvine chepfu zvakanyanya pasi rose, ine chepfu inodarika zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakaita senicotine neformaldehyde. Zvinongotora 0.1 gram yeaflatoxin kuti iuraye munguva pfupi. Zvakanyanya kuipa, kunyangwe ikadyiwa kana kufemerwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwenguva yakareba, aflatoxin inokonzera kukuvara kwakakomba kusingarapiki kunhengo dzemuviri dzevanhu dzekufema nedzekugaya, uye inogona kutokonzera mapundu ane chepfu akadai sekenza yechiropa, kenza yemapapu nekenza yemudumbu. Sangano reWorld Health Organization rakaiisa muboka rekenza, uye huwandu hwayo hwekukuvadza hahugoni kufuratirwa.

Nerombo rakanaka, zvipembenene zveAspergillus flavus zvinogara munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakakwira, nokudaro zvichimisa kukura nekuberekana kwadzo kwenguva pfupi.

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