●Maitiro ekugadzira mapepa emubhenje
Kubva pakubudirira kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nekushandiswa kwemushenjere, maitiro matsva akawanda, matekinoroji, uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirisa mushenjere zvakabuda imwe mushure meimwe, izvo zvakavandudza zvikuru kukosha kwekushandiswa kwemushenjere. Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemuchina yekupupira muChina kwapfuura nenzira yechinyakare uye kuri kushanduka kuita modhi yekugadzira mushenjere uye yeindasitiri. Maitiro ekugadzira mushenjere wemushenjere anozivikanwa pari zvino ndeemuchina, makemikari uye makemikari. Mushenjere wemushenjere wemuChina unonyanya kushandiswa nemakemikari, unosvika 70%; mushenjere wemakemikari uri pasi, pasi pe30%; kushandiswa kwenzira dzemuchina kugadzira mushenjere wemushenjere kwakaganhurirwa padanho rekuyedza, uye hapana mushumo mukuru weindasitiri.
1. Nzira yekushandura michina
Nzira yekupwanya simbi yemuchina ndeyekupwanya simbi dzemuchina kuita shinda uchishandisa michina pasina kuwedzera mishonga. Ine zvakanakira kusvibiswa kushoma, kukurumidza kupwanya simbi uye nzira iri nyore yekuita. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ekudzora kusvibiswa kwakanyanya uye kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvesimbi dzemuchina munyika, simbi yemuchina yemuchina yemuchina yave kukosheswa zvishoma nezvishoma nevanhu.
Kunyangwe kushandisa michina yekudhinda (mechanical pulping) kune zvakanakira zve pulping yakanyanya uye kusvibiswa kwakaderera, kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri ye pulping ne papermaking yezvinhu zve coniferous zvakaita se spruce. Zvisinei, nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwe lignin, dota, uye 1% NAOH extract mumakemikari e bamboo, mhando ye pulp haina kunaka uye zvakaoma kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro zve bepa rekutengesa. Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri hakuwanzo kuwanikwa uye kunonyanya kuitika muchikamu chekutsvagisa kwesainzi nekutsvaga tekinoroji.
2. Nzira yemakemikari yekufema
Nzira yekubika nemakemikari inoshandisa mushenjere sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye inoshandisa nzira yesulfate kana nzira yesulfite kugadzira mushenjere webamboo. Zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa nemushenjere zvinoongororwa, zvinogezwa, zvinobviswa mvura, zvinobikwa, zvinopiswa, zvinosefetwa, zvinogezwa ne countercurrent, zvinovharwa, zvinobviswa oxygen, zvinobvisa bleach nezvimwe zvinhu kuti zvigadzire mushenjere webamboo. Nzira yekubika nemakemikari inogona kuchengetedza fiber uye kuwedzera mwero wekubika. Mushenjere wakawanikwa ndewemhando yepamusoro, wakachena uye wakapfava, uri nyore kuubvisa, uye unogona kushandiswa kugadzira bepa rekunyora nepepa rekudhinda repamusoro-soro.
Nekuda kwekubviswa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwe lignin, dota uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobviswa mukuita kwe pulping yemishonga, mwero we pulping ye bamboo pulping wakaderera, kazhinji 45% ~ 55%.
3.Kugadzira Michina Yemakemikari
Kugadzira simbi nemakemikari (Chemical Mechanical Pulping) inzira yekupura simbi inoshandisa mushenjere sezvinhu zvakabikwa uye inosanganisa mamwe maitiro ekupura simbi nemakemikari. Kupura simbi nemakemikari kunosanganisira nzira ye semi-chemical, nzira yemakemikari nemakemikari uye nzira ye thermomechanical.
Pakugadzira mapurasitiki ebamboo nepepa, mwero wekupurwa kwemakemikari emuchina wakakwira kupfuura wekushandisa mapurasitiki emuchina, izvo zvinogona kusvika 72% ~ 75%; mhando yepulp inowanikwa nekushandisa mapurasitiki emuchina emuchina yakakwira zvikuru kupfuura yekushandisa mapurasitiki emuchina, izvo zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwepepa rezvinhu. Panguva imwe chete, mutengo wekudzoreredza alkali nekuchenesa tsvina yetsvina uriwo pakati pekushandisa mapurasitiki emuchina nekushandisa mapurasitiki emuchina.
▲Mutsetse wekugadzira Bamboo Pulping
●Midziyo yekugadzira mapepa eBamboo Pulp
Midziyo yechikamu chekugadzira mapepa emubamboo pulp yakafanana neyemuchina wekugadzira mapepa emubamboo pulp. Musiyano mukuru wemichina yekugadzira mapepa emubamboo pulp uri muzvikamu zvekugadzirira zvakaita sekucheka, kuwacha nekubika.
Nekuti simbi yebamboo ine chivakwa chisina chinhu, michina yekucheka yakasiyana neyehuni. Midziyo inowanzoshandiswa yekucheka bamboo inosanganisira roller bamboo cutter, disc bamboo cutter uye drum chipper. Midziyo yekucheka bamboo ne disc bamboo cutters inoshanda zvakanyanya, asi mhando yemachipisi ebamboo akagadziriswa (chimiro chebamboo chip) haina kunaka seyemachipisi ebamboo. Vashandisi vanogona kusarudza michina yakakodzera yekucheka bamboo zvichienderana nechinangwa chebamboo pulp uye mutengo wekugadzira. Kune zvirimwa zvidiki nepakati zvebamboo pulp (zvinobuda <100,000 t/a), michina yekucheka bamboo yemumba yakakwana kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira; kune zvirimwa zvikuru zvebamboo pulp (zvinobuda ≥100,000 t/a), michina mikuru yekucheka bamboo yepamusoro-soro inogona kusarudzwa.
Midziyo yekusuka machipisi ebamboo inoshandiswa kubvisa tsvina, uye zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvine patent zvakataurwa muChina. Kazhinji, mawasher evacuum pulp, mawasher epressure pulp uye mawasher ebhandi pulp anoshandiswa. Makambani makuru nepakati anogona kushandisa mawasher matsva edouble-roller displacement press pulp kana mawasher akasimba ekubvisa mvura.
Midziyo yekubikisa machipisi ebamboo inoshandiswa pakunyorovesa machipisi ebamboo uye kupatsanura makemikari. Makambani madiki nepakati anoshandisa mapoto ekubikisa akamira kana machipisi anotenderera ari horizontal tube. Makambani makuru anogona kushandisa machipisi anoenderera mberi eCamille ane diffusion washing kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira, uye goho remupunga richawedzerawo zvinoenderana, asi zvichawedzera mari yekudyara kamwe chete.
1. Kugadzira mapepa emubamboo pulp kune mukana mukuru
Zvichibva paongororo yezviwanikwa zvemabamboo muChina uye kuongororwa kwekukodzera kwebamboo pachayo kugadzira mapepa, kusimudzira indasitiri yebamboo pulping nesimba hakungogone chete kuderedza dambudziko rezvinhu zvekugadzira matanda akaomarara muindasitiri yemapepa muChina, asiwo kuva nzira inoshanda yekushandura chimiro chezvinhu zvekugadzira pepa uye kuderedza kuvimba nemachipisi ematanda anotengwa kunze kwenyika. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakaongorora kuti mutengo webamboo pulp payuniti imwe neimwe wakaderera ne30% pane wepaini, spruce, eucalyptus, nezvimwewo, uye mhando yebamboo pulp yakaenzana neyebamboo pulp.
2. Kubatanidzwa kwepepa remusango inzira yakakosha yekusimudzira
Nekuda kwekubatsira kwemushenjere kukura nekukurumidza uye kuvandudza, kusimbisa kurimwa kwemasango emushenjere akakosha anokura nekukurumidza uye kugadzira hwaro hwekugadzira mushenjere wemushenjere unobatanidza masango nepepa zvichave gwara rekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira mushenjere wemushenjere weChina, kuderedza kuvimba nematanda nemapuranga anotengwa kunze kwenyika, uye kugadzira maindasitiri enyika.
3. Kugadzira masimbi ebamboo muboka rine mukana mukuru wekuvandudza
Muindasitiri yekugadzira mbatya pari zvino, zvinhu zvinopfuura 90% zvakagadzirwa ne moso bamboo (Phoebe nanmu), iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvemumba nezvinhu zvekuvaka. Kugadzira mbatya dzemapepa ebamboo kunonyanya kushandisa moso bamboo (Phoebe nanmu) ne cycad bamboo sezvinhu zvekugadzira, izvo zvinoumba mamiriro ekukwikwidzana kwezvinhu zvekugadzira uye hazvibatsire kufambira mberi kweindasitiri. Zvichibva pamhando dzembatya dzemapepa dziripo, indasitiri yekugadzira mbatya dzemapepa ebamboo inofanira kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzembatya dzekushandisa zvinhu zvekugadzira, kushandisa zvizere cycad bamboo, giant dragon bamboo, phoenix tail bamboo, dendrocalamus latiflorus nedzimwe mbatya dzemapepa dzakagadzirwa pakugadzira nekugadzira mapepa, uye kuvandudza kukwikwidzana pamusika.
▲Bamboo rakaungana rinogona kushandiswa sechinhu chakakosha chekudya
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-04-2024
