China ndiyo nyika ine mhando dzakawanda dzembanje uye manejimendi epamusoro embanje. Nekubatsirwa kwayo kwakapfuma kwezviwanikwa zvembanje uye tekinoroji yekugadzira mbanje yembanje iri kukura, indasitiri yekugadzira mbanje yembanje iri kukura uye kumhanya kwekushanduka nekusimudzira kuri kuwedzera. Muna 2021, goho rembanje renyika yangu raive matani mamiriyoni 2.42, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe10.5%; kwaive nemabhizinesi makumi maviri nematatu ekugadzira mbanje yembanje pamusoro pehukuru hwakatarwa, nevashandi zviuru makumi manomwe nezvitanhatu uye kukosha kwegoho remushonga kwe13.2 bhiriyoni yeyuan; kwaive nemabhizinesi makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri ekugadzira nekugadzira mbanje yembanje, nevashandi zviuru makumi matatu nezvishanu uye kukosha kwegoho remushonga kwe7.15 bhiriyoni yeyuan; kwaive nemabhizinesi ekugadzira mapepa akagadzirwa nemaoko anopfuura makumi masere achishandisa mbanje sezvinhu zvekugadzira, nevashandi vanosvika zviuru zvishanu uye kukosha kwegoho remushonga kwe700 miriyoni yeyuan; Kumhanya kwekubvisa kugona kwekugadzira zvinhu zvakaderera kwawedzera, uye tekinoroji yepamusoro yekubika nekuchenesa michina yemakemikari, tekinoroji yekugadzirira michina yemakemikari inoshanda zvakanaka isati yaiswa mudumbu uye tekinoroji yekudhinda michina yemakemikari yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira pulp yebamboo. Indasitiri yekugadzira mapepa ebamboo pulp munyika yangu iri kufambira mberi pakuvandudza nekukura.
Matanho matsva
Muna Zvita 2021, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Development and Reform Commission pamwe nemamwe madhipatimendi gumi vakaburitsa pamwe chete "Mazano Ekukurumidzisa Kuvandudzwa uye Kuvandudzwa kweIndasitiri yeBamboo". Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagadzira mitemo inotsigira kuti dzitsigire zvakasimba kusimudzira kusimudzira indasitiri yebamboo, kusanganisira indasitiri yebamboo pulp nepepa. Nzvimbo huru dzekugadzira bamboo pulp nepepa munyika yangu dzakanyanya kuSichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi, Fujian neYunnan. Pakati pavo, Sichuan parizvino ndiyo dunhu guru rekugadzira bamboo pulp nepepa munyika yangu. Mumakore achangopfuura, Sichuan Province yakagadzira zvine simba boka reindasitiri yebamboo-pulp-paper-processing-sales", yakagadzira mhando inotungamira yepepa remba rebamboo pulp, uye yakashandura zvakanakira zviwanikwa zvebamboo green kuita zvakanakira kusimudzira maindasitiri, zvichiwana mhedzisiro inoshamisa. Zvichibva pazviwanikwa zvemubamboo zvakapfuma, Sichuan yakarima mhando dzemasango emubamboo emhando yepamusoro, yakavandudza mhando dzemasango emubamboo, yakadyara masango emubamboo pamawere anodarika madhigirii makumi maviri nemashanu uye minda isiri yepurazi ine materu anodarika madhigirii gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu mumvura dzakakosha dzinoenderana nemutemo, yakasimudzira nesainzi kutarisirwa kwemasango emubamboo muzvikamu zvitatu, yakaronga kuvandudzwa kwemasango emubamboo ematanda nemasango emubamboo ezvakatipoteredza, uye yakasimbisa matanho akasiyana-siyana ekubhadhara uye ekutsigira. Nzvimbo dzakachengetwa mubamboo dzakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Muna 2022, nzvimbo yemasango emubamboo mudunhu iri yakadarika mamiriyoni gumi nemasere emayui, ichipa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvemubamboo fiber zvekugadzira nekugadzira pepa remubamboo, kunyanya bepa remumba remubamboo pulp natural color. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti bepa remumba remubamboo pulp rakanaka uye kuvandudza kuzivikanwa kwechiratidzo chepepa remumba remavara echisikigo kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, Sichuan Paper Industry Association yakanyorera kuHofisi yeTrademark yeHurumende Intellectual Property Office kuti inyorese chiratidzo che "Bamboo Pulp Paper". Kubva pakurwisana kwekare kusvika pakukura kuripo uye kwakakura, kubatana pamwe chete kuti pave neushamwari uye kushandira pamwe chete kwave chinhu chikuru chakanakira budiriro yeSichuan Paper. Muna 2021, kwaive nemabhizinesi gumi nematatu ekugadzira mbatya kupfuura saizi yakatarwa muSichuan Province, nekugadzirwa kwembatya dzebamboo dzematani mamiriyoni 1.2731, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe7.62%, zvichireva 67.13% yekugadzirwa kwekutanga kwembatya dzebamboo, izvo zvinosvika 80% zvaishandiswa kugadzira bepa repamba; kwaive nemabhizinesi makumi mashanu nemasere ekugadzira mbatya dzebamboo dzepamusha dzematani mamiriyoni 1.256 pagore; kwaive nemabhizinesi mazana maviri nemakumi mana nemasere ekugadzira mapepa epamba ebamboo dzepamusha dzematani mamiriyoni 1.308 pagore. 40% yemapepa epamba ebamboo epanyika echisikigo anogadzirwa anotengeswa mudunhu, uye 60% anotengeswa kunze kwedunhu nekune dzimwe nyika kuburikidza nemapuratifomu ekutengesa e-commerce uye chirongwa chenyika che "Belt and Road". Pasi rose rinotarira kuChina kuti riwane pulp yebamboo, uye China rinotarira kuSichuan kuti riwane pulp yebamboo. Kambani yeSichuan inonzi "bamboo pulp paper" yasvika pasi rose.
Tekinoroji itsva
Nyika yangu ndiyo inogadzira pulp inonyungudutsa yebamboo pulp/bamboo pasi rose, ine mitsetse gumi nembiri yekugadzira pulp yemakemikari ebamboo yemazuva ano ine kugona kwekugadzira kweanopfuura matani 100,000 pagore, huwandu hwematani 2.2 miriyoni, ayo matani 600,000 ari pulp inonyungudutsa yebamboo. Fang Guigan, muongorori uye mutariri wechiremba paInstitute of Forest Products Chemical Industry yeChinese Academy of Forestry, anga akazvipira kwenguva refu mukutsvagisa nekuvandudza matekinoroji akakosha nemidziyo yeindasitiri yepulping yakachena inobereka goho guru munyika yangu. Akati mushure mekushanda pamwe chete kwemaindasitiri, dzidzo netsvagiridzo, vaongorori vakapfuura matekinoroji akakosha ekugadzira pulp/pulping yebamboo, uye matekinoroji epamusoro ekubika nekuchenesa nemidziyo akashandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira pulp yemakemikari ebamboo. Kuburikidza nekushandurwa nekushandiswa kwemhedzisiro yekutsvagisa kwesainzi netekinoroji senge "Tekinoroji Itsva Yekugadzira Mabamboo Nemapepa Zvinoshanda" kubvira pa "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu gumi nemaviri", nyika yangu yakatanga kugadzirisa dambudziko rekusawirirana kwemunyu weN neP mukubvisa silicon yedoro dema uye kurapwa kwekubuda kwekunze. Panguva imwe chete, kufambira mberi kwakaitwa mukuwedzera kwemuganhu wekuchena kwekubvisa mabamboo akawanda. Pasi pemamiriro ekushandisa mushonga wekuchenesa simbi, kuchena kwebamboo kwakanyanya kwakawedzera kubva pasi pe65% kusvika kupfuura 70%. Parizvino, vaongorori vari kushanda kuti vapfuure nematambudziko ehunyanzvi akadai sekushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye goho diki mukugadzirwa kwebamboo pulp, uye kuedza kugadzira zvakanakira mukugadzirwa kwebamboo pulp uye kuvandudza kukwikwidzana kwemusika wepasi rose kwebamboo pulp.
Mikana mitsva
Muna Ndira 2020, mutemo mutsva wepasi rose wekudzivirira mapurasitiki wakataura nezvekushandiswa kwepurasitiki uye kusarudzwa kwezvimwe zvinoshandiswa, zvichiunza mikana mitsva kumakambani ekugadzira pulp yebamboo nemapepa. Nyanzvi dzakataura kuti pasi pe "dual carbon", bamboo, senzvimbo inokosha yemasango asiri emiti, inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuchengetedzwa kwematanda pasi rose, kukura kwegreen isina kabhoni yakawanda, uye kuvandudza mararamiro evanhu. "Kutsiva mapurasitiki nebamboo" uye "kutsiva huni nebamboo" zvine mukana mukuru uye mukana mukuru wekuvandudza maindasitiri. Bamboo inokura nekukurumidza, ine biomass yakakura uye yakapfuma mune zviwanikwa. Hunhu hwemagadzirirwo efiber yebamboo uye huwandu hwecellulose huri pakati pehuni dzeconiferous nehuni dzine mapapiro akafara, uye pulp yebamboo inogadzirwa inofananidzwa nepulp yehuni. Fiber yebamboo pulp yakareba kupfuura yehuni dzine mapapiro akafara, chimiro chemadziro esero chakakosha, simba rekurova uye ductility zvakanaka, uye pulp yakatsvuka ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekuona. Panguva imwe chete, bamboo ine huwandu hwakawanda hwecellulose uye ifiber rakanakisa yekugadzira mapepa. Hunhu hwakasiyana hwemupumburu webamboo nemuti wehuni hunogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemapepa nemapepa emhando yepamusoro. Fang Guigan akati budiriro inoenderera mberi yeindasitiri yemupumburu webamboo nepepa haiparadzaniswi nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva: chekutanga, kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, kuwedzera rutsigiro rwemari, uye kuvaka nekuvandudza zvivakwa zvakaita semigwagwa, nzira dzemagetsi, uye masiraidhi munzvimbo dzemasango ebamboo. Chechipiri, hunyanzvi mumidziyo yekutema, kunyanya kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemidziyo yekutema otomatiki uye yakangwara, kuchavandudza zvikuru kugona kwevashandi uye kuderedza mari yekutema. Chechitatu, gadzira hunyanzvi, munzvimbo dzine mamiriro akanaka ezviwanikwa, ronga nekuvaka mapaki emaindasitiri ekugadzira bamboo, wedzera cheni yemaindasitiri uye wedzera cheni yekugadzirisa, uwane kushandiswa kwakazara kwezviwanikwa zvebamboo, uye kuwedzera mabhenefiti ehupfumi eindasitiri yebamboo. Chechina, hunyanzvi hwesainzi netekinoroji, wedzera mhando dzezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira bamboo, zvakaita sezvinhu zvekuvaka bamboo, mapuranga ebamboo, kugadzirisa kwakadzika kwemashizha ebamboo, kugadzirisa kwakadzika kwebamboo chips (nodes, bamboo yellow, bamboo bran), kushandiswa kwakakosha kwe lignin, uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekushandiswa kwe cellulose (pulp inonyungudutsa); kugadzirisa matambudziko makuru ehunyanzvi mukugadzirwa kwebamboo pulp nenzira yakatarwa uye kuita kuti tekinoroji yemumba nemidziyo zvive zvemazuva ano. Kune mabhizinesi, nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sekunyungudutsa pulp, bepa repamba, uye bepa rekurongedza chikafu, uye kusimbisa kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemarara efiber mukugadzira, inzira inoshanda yekubuda mumuenzaniso wepurofiti yakakura nekukurumidza uye kuwana budiriro yepamusoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-08-2024
