Kabhoni chiratidzo chinoyera kukanganisa kwemabasa evanhu panharaunda. Pfungwa ye "kabhoni" inobva pa "nzvimbo inoyerera", inonyanya kutaurwa seCO2 yakaenzana (CO2eq), iyo inomiririra huwandu hwese hwemagasi ekupisa anoburitswa panguva yekugadzirwa kwevanhu nekushandiswa kwavo.
Kuongororwa kwecarbon footprint (LCA) ndiko kushandiswa kweLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) kuongorora kuburitswa kwemhepo inopisa pasi zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga nechinhu chekutsvagisa mukati mehupenyu hwacho. Pachinhu chimwe chete ichocho, kuoma uye huwandu hwekuverenga footprint yecarbon footprint hwakakura kupfuura kuburitswa kwecarbon, uye mhedzisiro yekuverenga ine ruzivo nezve kuburitswa kwecarbon.
Nekuwedzera kuri kuita shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pasi rose nematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza, kuverenga mafambiro emhepo inopisa kwave kukosha zvikuru. Hazvingobatsiri chete kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yemabasa evanhu panharaunda, asiwo zvinopa hwaro hwesainzi hwekugadzira nzira dzekuderedza utsi uye kukurudzira shanduko yegreen nelow-carbon.
Kutenderera kwehupenyu hwese hwemushenjere, kubva pakukura nekukura, kukohwa, kugadzirisa nekugadzira, kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa kusvika pakurasa, ndiyo nzira yakazara yekutenderera kwekabhoni, kusanganisira sinki yekabhoni yemusango remushenjere, kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chemushenjere, uye kutsika kwekabhoni mushure mekurasa.
Mushumo uyu wekutsvagisa unoedza kuratidza kukosha kwekudyara masango emiti yemubamboo pamwe nekusimudzira maindasitiri ekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekuongorora ruzivo rwekutsika kwekabhoni uye kunyora mazita emakabhoni, pamwe nekuronga tsvakiridzo iripo yekabhoni yezvigadzirwa zvemubamboo.
1. Kuverenga mafambiro emhepo ine kabhoni
① Pfungwa: Zvichienderana netsananguro yeUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, kabhoni inoreva huwandu hwese hwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi nemamwe magasi egreenhouse anoburitswa panguva yemabasa evanhu kana kuti anoburitswa pamwe chete muhupenyu hwese hwechigadzirwa/sevhisi.
Chiratidzo chekabhoni "chiratidzo che" kabhoni inoburitswa muchigadzirwa", inova chiratidzo chedhijitari chinoratidza kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa remhepo kubva pazvinhu zvakagadzirwa kusvika pakudzokorodza marara, zvichipa vashandisi ruzivo nezve kabhoni inoburitswa muchigadzirwa nenzira yechiratidzo.
Kuongorora hupenyu hwese (LCA) inzira itsva yekuongorora kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza yakagadzirwa munyika dzekuMadokero mumakore achangopfuura uye ichiri muchikamu chekutsvagisa nekuvandudza. Chiyero chikuru chekuongorora mafambiro ecarbon yechigadzirwa inzira yeLCA, iyo inoonekwa sesarudzo yakanakisa yekuvandudza kuvimbika uye nyore kwekuverenga mafambiro ecarbon.
LCA inotanga yaona uye yaongorora kushandiswa kwesimba nezvinhu, pamwe nekuburitswa kwezvakatipoteredza mukati mechikamu chose chehupenyu, yozoongorora kukanganiswa kwekushandiswa uku nekuburitswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye pakupedzisira yaona uye yaongorora mikana yekuderedza kukanganisa uku. Muyero weISO 14040, wakabudiswa muna 2006, unopatsanura "matanho ekuongorora kutenderera kwehupenyu" muzvikamu zvina: kuona chinangwa uye chiyero, kuongorora zvinhu, kuongorora kukanganisa, uye kududzira.
② Mitemo uye Nzira:
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuverenga huwandu hwekabhoni pari zvino.
MuChina, nzira dzekuverenga dzinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvichienderana nehurongwa hwemiganhu yesystem uye misimboti yemuenzaniso: Kuongororwa kweHupenyu Hwakavakirwa paProcess based Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA), Kuongororwa kweHupenyu Hwakabuda muInput (I-OLCA), uye Kuongororwa kweHupenyu Hwakafanana (Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (HLCA). Parizvino, hapana mwero wehumwe hwenyika hwekuverenga carbon footprint muChina.
Pasi rose, kune mitemo mikuru mitatu yepasi rose padanho rechigadzirwa: “PAS 2050:2011 Tsanangudzo yeKuongorora Kuburitswa kweGreenhouse Gas panguva yeProduct and Service Life Cycle” (BSI., 2011), “GHGP Protocol” (WRI, WBCSD, 2011), uye “ISO 14067:2018 Greenhouse Gases – Product Carbon Footprint – Quantitative Requirements and Guidelines” (ISO, 2018).
Zvinoenderana nedzidziso yehupenyu, PAS2050 neISO14067 parizvino ndiwo mwero wakasimbiswa wekuongorora carbon footprint yechigadzirwa nenzira dzekuverenga dziripo pachena, dzese dziri mbiri dzinosanganisira nzira mbiri dzekuongorora: Business to Customer (B2C) uye Business to Business (B2B).
Zviri muB2C zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakagadziriswa, kugadzirwa nekugadzirisa, kugoverwa nekutengesa, kushandiswa nevatengi, kuraswa kwekupedzisira kana kudzokororwa, kureva kuti, "kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika pakufa". Zviri muB2B zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakagadziriswa, kugadzirwa nekugadzirisa, uye kutakurwa kuenda kuvatengesi vari pasi perwizi, kureva kuti, "kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika pasuo".
Maitiro ePAS2050 ekusimbisa mafambiro ecarbon footprint ane matanho matatu: danho rekutanga, danho rekuverenga mafambiro ecarbon footprint yezvigadzirwa, uye matanho anotevera. Maitiro ekuverenga mafambiro ecarbon footprint yezvigadzirwa zveISO14067 anosanganisira matanho mashanu: kutsanangura chigadzirwa chakanangana nacho, kuona muganhu wesystem yekuverenga, kutsanangura muganhu wenguva yekuverenga, kurongedza masosi emhepo ari mukati memuganhu wesystem, uye kuverenga mafambiro ecarbon footprint yezvigadzirwa.
③ Zvinoreva
Nekutarisa huwandu hwekabhoni inoburitswa, tinogona kuona nzvimbo dzine utsi hwakawanda, uye kutora matanho akakodzera ekuderedza utsi hunoburitswa. Kuverenga huwandu hwekabhoni kunogonawo kutitungamira kuti tigadzire mararamiro ekushandisa kabhoni shoma uye maitiro ekushandisa.
Kunyora magasi ecarbon inzira inokosha yekuratidza kuburitswa kwemagasi egreenhouse munzvimbo yekugadzira kana muhupenyu hwezvigadzirwa, pamwe nekupa mukana kune vanoisa mari, masangano ehurumende anoona nezvemitemo, uye veruzhinji kuti vanzwisise kuburitswa kwemagasi egreenhouse mumasangano anogadzira. Kunyora magasi ecarbon, senzira inokosha yekuzivisa ruzivo rwekabhoni, kwave kuchigamuchirwa nenyika dzakawanda.
Kunyora ma "carbon label" muchigadzirwa chekurima ndiko kushandiswa kwakananga kwe "carbon label" pazvigadzirwa zvekurima. Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzezvigadzirwa, kuunzwa kwema "carbon labels" muzvigadzirwa zvekurima kwakakosha zvikuru. Chekutanga, kurima ndiko kunobva ma "greenhouse gas" uye ndiko kunobva ma "non carbon dioxide" mu "greenhouse gas". Chechipiri, zvichienzaniswa neindasitiri, kuburitswa kwemashoko e "carbon label" mukugadzirwa kwekurima hakusati kwapera, izvo zvinoderedza kuwanda kwezvinoitika. Chechitatu, vatengi vanoona zvakaoma kuwana ruzivo runoshanda pamusoro pe "carbon footprint" yezvigadzirwa kuvatengi. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvidzidzo zvakatevedzana zvakaratidza kuti mapoka chaiwo evatengi anoda kubhadhara zvigadzirwa zvine "low carbon", uye kunyora ma "carbon label" kunogona kutsiva zvakananga kusawirirana kwemashoko pakati pevagadziri nevatengi, zvichibatsira kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemusika.
2, cheni yeindasitiri yeBamboo
① Mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo echeni yeindasitiri yemishenjere
Cheni yeindasitiri yekugadzira mbatya muChina yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: kumusoro, pakati, uye pasi. Kumusoro kune zvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye zvinotorwa kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvembatya, zvinosanganisira mashizha embatya, maruva embatya, nhungirwa dzembatya, nhungirwa dzembatya, nezvimwewo. Kumusoro kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana muminda yakasiyana-siyana yakadai semidziyo yekuvaka yembatya, zvigadzirwa zvembatya, nhungirwa dzembatya nechikafu, kugadzira mapepa embatya, nezvimwewo; Kutevera kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvembatya kunosanganisira kugadzira mapepa, kugadzira fenicha, mishonga, uye kushanya kwetsika dzembatya, pakati pezvimwe.
Zviwanikwa zvemashanga ndiwo hwaro hwekusimudzira indasitiri yemashanga. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwazvo, mashanga anogona kukamurwa kuita mashanga ematanda, mashanga emapazi emubamboo, mashanga emubamboo, uye mashanga ekushongedza bindu. Kubva pahunhu hwezviwanikwa zvemasango emubamboo, chikamu chemasango emubamboo ematanda i36%, ichiteverwa nemasango emubamboo nemasango emubamboo anoshandiswa kaviri, masango emubamboo ekuchengetedza nharaunda, uye masango emubamboo emubamboo emubamboo, zvichireva 24%, 19%, uye 14% zvichiteerana. Mashanga emubamboo nemasango emubamboo ane huwandu hushoma. China ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvemashanga, ine marudzi 837 uye goho rematani emamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu emubamboo pagore.
Mbanje ndiyo mhando yembanje inonyanya kukosha muChina. Parizvino, mbanje ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zveinjiniya yembanje, musika wembeu itsva, uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira mbanje muChina. Mune ramangwana, mbanje icharamba iri chinhu chikuru pakurima zviwanikwa zvembanje muChina. Parizvino, mhando gumi dzezvigadzirwa zvakakosha zvekugadzirisa nekushandisa mbanje muChina dzinosanganisira mapuranga ekugadzira nekushandisa mbanje, pasi pembanje, mbanje, pulp yembanje nepepa, zvigadzirwa zvembanje, fenicha yembanje, zvigadzirwa zvezuva nezuva zvembanje nemabasa emaoko, mbanje charcoal nevhiniga yembanje, zvigadzirwa zvembanje nezvinwiwa, zvigadzirwa zvehupfumi pasi pemasango embanje, uye kushanya kwehutano hwembanje. Pakati pazvo, mbanje dzekugadzira nemidziyo yeinjiniya ndizvo zvakakosha muindasitiri yembanje muChina.
Maitiro ekugadzira cheni yeindasitiri yebamboo pasi pechinangwa chekabhoni mbiri
Chinangwa che "dual carbon" chinoreva kuti China iri kuedza kusvika padanho repamusoro recarbon risati rasvika 2030 uye kusava nekabhoni risati rasvika 2060. Parizvino, China yakawedzera zvinodiwa zvayo zvekuburitsa kabhoni mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana uye yakatsvaga maindasitiri akasvibira, ane kabhoni shoma, uye anoshanda zvakanaka muhupfumi. Kuwedzera kune zvayakanakira zvakatipoteredza, indasitiri yebango inofanirawo kuongorora kugona kwayo senzvimbo inonyudza kabhoni uye kupinda mumusika wekutengesa kabhoni.
(1) Sango remushenje rine mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvinosvibisa kabhoni:
Zvichienderana nedata riripo muChina, nzvimbo yemasango emubangi yakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura. Kubva pamahekita mamiriyoni 2.4539 muma1950 nema1960 kusvika pamahekita mamiriyoni 4.8426 pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21 (tisingabatanidzi data kubva kuTaiwan), kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe97.34%. Uye huwandu hwemasango emubangi munzvimbo yemasango yenyika hwakawedzera kubva pa2.87% kusvika pa2.96%. Zviwanikwa zvemasango emubangi zvave chikamu chakakosha chezviwanikwa zvemasango eChina. Zvichienderana ne6th National Forest Resource Inventory, pakati pemahekita mamiriyoni 4.8426 emasango emubangi muChina, kune mahekita mamiriyoni 3.372 emubangi, nemiti inosvika mabhiriyoni 7.5, zvichiita kuti ive inenge 70% yenzvimbo yemasango emubangi munyika.
(2) Mabhenefiti ezvisikwa zvemusango remushenjere:
① Muti weBamboo unokura kwenguva pfupi, unokura zvakanyanya, uye une hunhu hwekukura kunobva pakuvandudzwa uye kukohwewa kwegore negore. Une kukosha kukuru kwekushandiswa uye hauna matambudziko akadai sekukukurwa kwevhu mushure mekutemwa kwematanda zvachose uye kuora kwevhu mushure mekudyara nguva dzose. Une mukana mukuru wekubvisa kabhoni. Data rinoratidza kuti huwandu hwekabhoni hwakagadzika pagore mumuti wemusango weBamboo i5.097t/hm2 (kusasanganisa kugadzirwa kwemarara pagore), inova ka1.46 kanopfuura kemiti yeChinese fir inokura nekukurumidza.
② Masango emubamboo ane mamiriro ekukura ari nyore, maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekukura, kupararira kwakakamurwa, uye kusiyana kwenzvimbo kunoramba kuripo. Ane nzvimbo yakakura yekupararira uye akasiyana-siyana, anowanikwa zvikuru mumatunhu gumi nemanomwe nemaguta, akanyanya kupararira muFujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, neZhejiang. Anogona kuenderana nekukura nekukurumidza uye kwakakura munzvimbo dzakasiyana, achiumba maitiro akaomarara uye akavhara kabhoni uye network inochinja simba yesimba rekabhoni.
(3) Mamiriro ekutengeserana kwe carbon yemasango emubamboo asvika padanho repamusoro:
① Bhizinesi rekugadzira mashanga emubamboo rapera
Indasitiri yembanje inopararira muindasitiri dzekutanga, dzechipiri, nedzechitatu, ukoshi hwayo hwekugadzira huchikwira kubva pa82 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2010 kusvika pa415.3 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2022, neavhareji yekukura kwegore negore inodarika 30%. Zvinotarisirwa kuti panosvika 2035, kukosha kwekugadzirwa kweindasitiri yembanje kuchapfuura 1 trillion yuan. Parizvino, kuvandudzwa kwemhando itsva yeindasitiri yembanje kwakaitwa muAnji County, Zhejiang Province, China, ichitarisa nzira yakazara yekubatanidza carbon sink yekurima mbiri kubva pazvisikwa nehupfumi kusvika pakubatanidzwa kwekubatana.
② Rutsigiro rwemutemo rwakabatana
Mushure mekutaura chinangwa chekabhoni mbiri, China yakaburitsa mitemo yakawanda nemafungiro ekutungamira indasitiri yese mukutarisira kusapindirana kwekabhoni. Musi wa11 Mbudzi, 2021, madhipatimendi gumi anosanganisira State Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Development and Reform Commission, uye Ministry of Science and Technology vakaburitsa "Mafungiro eMadhipatimendi Gumi Ekukurumidzisa Kuvandudzwa Kweindasitiri yeBamboo". Musi wa2 Mbudzi, 2023, National Development and Reform Commission nemamwe madhipatimendi vakaburitsa pamwe chete "Chirongwa Chemakore Matatu Chekuita Kukurumidzisa Kuvandudzwa kwe'Kutsiva Purasitiki neBamboo'". Pamusoro pezvo, maonero ekusimudzira kusimudzira indasitiri yebamboo akaiswa mune mamwe mapurovhinzi akadai seFujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, nezvimwewo. Pasi pekubatanidzwa nekushandira pamwe kwemabhandi akasiyana-siyana emaindasitiri, mhando itsva dzekutengesa dzemakabhoni uye mafambiro ekabhoni dzakaunzwa.
3, Ungaverenga sei kabhoni inoyerera mucheni yeindasitiri yebamboo?
① Kufambira mberi kwekutsvaga nezve carbon footprint yezvigadzirwa zvemushenjere
Parizvino, hapana tsvakurudzo yakawanda pamusoro pesimba rekabhoni yezvigadzirwa zvemubamboo munyika nekunze kwenyika. Sekureva kweongororo iripo, simba rekupedzisira rekutamisa kabhoni uye kuchengetedza kwemubamboo rinosiyana pasi penzira dzakasiyana dzekushandisa dzakadai sekuvhura, kubatanidza, uye kubatanidza, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro yakasiyana pasimba rekupedzisira rekabhoni yezvigadzirwa zvemubamboo.
② Maitiro ekugadzira kabhoni yezvigadzirwa zvemushenje muhupenyu hwavo hwese
Kutenderera kwehupenyu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zvemushenjere, kubva pakukura nekukura kwemushenjere (photosynthesis), kurima nekutarisira, kukohwa, kuchengetwa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, kugadziriswa nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa, kusvika pakuora kwemarara (kuora), kwapera. Kutenderera kwekabhoni yezvigadzirwa zvemushenjere muhupenyu hwavo hwese kunosanganisira matanho mashanu makuru: kurima mushenjere (kudyara, kutarisira, uye kushanda), kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa (kuunganidza, kutakurwa, uye kuchengetwa kwemiti yemushenjere kana yemushenjere), kugadziriswa nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa (maitiro akasiyana-siyana panguva yekugadzirisa), kutengesa, kushandiswa, uye kuraswa (kuora), kusanganisira kugadzika kabhoni, kuunganidzwa, kuchengetwa, kuchengetwa, uye kuburitswa kwekabhoni zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga muchikamu chimwe nechimwe (ona Mufananidzo 3).
Maitiro ekurima masango emushenjere anogona kuonekwa sechisungo che "kuunganidza nekuchengetera kabhoni", chinosanganisira kuburitswa kwekabhoni zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga kubva mukudyara, kutarisira, uye kushanda kwemabasa.
Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa inzira yekutamisa kabhoni inobatanidza mabhizinesi emasango nemabhizinesi ekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvebamboo, uye inosanganisirawo kuburitsa kabhoni zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga panguva yekukohwa, kutanga kugadzira, kutakurwa, uye kuchengetwa kwenhungirwa dzebamboo kana bamboo.
Kugadziriswa nekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa inzira yekusecha kabhoni, iyo inosanganisira kugadzika kabhoni kwenguva refu muzvigadzirwa, pamwe nekuburitswa kwekabhoni zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga kubva mumaitiro akasiyana-siyana akadai sekugadzirisa mayuniti, kugadzirisa chigadzirwa, uye kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe.
Mushure mekunge chigadzirwa chapinda muchikamu chekushandiswa nevatengi, kabhoni inogadziriswa zvachose muzvigadzirwa zvemushenjere zvakaita sefenicha, zvivakwa, zvinodiwa zuva nezuva, zvigadzirwa zvemapepa, nezvimwewo. Sezvo nguva yekushanda ichikwira, tsika yekubvisa kabhoni ichawedzerwa kusvika yaraswa, kuora nekuburitsa CO2, uye kudzokera mumhepo.
Sekureva kweongororo yakaitwa naZhou Pengfei nevamwe vake (2014), mapuranga ekucheka emubamboo pasi pemhando yemubamboo yakavhurwa akatorwa sechinangwa chekutsvagisa, uye "Kutsanangurwa kweKuongorora kweGreenhouse Gas Emissions of Goods and Services in the Life Cycle" (PAS 2050:2008) kwakagamuchirwa sechiyero chekuongorora. Sarudza nzira yekuongorora yeB2B kuti uongorore zvizere kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide uye kuchengetwa kwecarbon kwemaitiro ese ekugadzira, kusanganisira kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, kugadziriswa kwezvigadzirwa, kurongedza, uye kuchengetera zvinhu (ona Mufananidzo 4). PAS2050 inotaura kuti kuyerwa kwekabhoni kunofanira kutanga kubva pakutakurwa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, uye data rekutanga rekukura kwekuburitswa kwekabhoni uye kutamiswa kwekabhoni kubva pazvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, kugadzirwa kusvika pakugoverwa (B2B) kwemabhodhi ekucheka emubamboo anofamba anofanira kuyerwa nemazvo kuti aone saizi yekabhoni.
Nzira yekuyera huwandu hwekabhoni hwezvigadzirwa zvemubamboo muhupenyu hwavo hwese
Kuunganidzwa nekuyerwa kwedata rekutanga padanho rega rega rehupenyu hwezvigadzirwa zvemubamboo ndiyo hwaro hwekuongorora hupenyu hwese. Data rekutanga rinosanganisira kugara panyika, kushandiswa kwemvura, kushandiswa kwesimba rakasiyana-siyana (marasha, mafuta, magetsi, nezvimwewo), kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye data rekuti zvinhu zvinobuda uye simba rinoyerera sei. Ita kuyerwa kwecarbon footprint yezvigadzirwa zvemubamboo muhupenyu hwazvo hwese kuburikidza nekuunganidza nekuyerwa kwedata.
(1) Danho rekurima masango emushanga
Kutora kabhoni uye kuunganidzwa kwayo: kumera, kukura nekukura, huwandu hwemabukira matsva emushenjere;
Kuchengetera kabhoni: chimiro chesango remushenjere, mwero wekumira kwemushenjere, chimiro chezera, huremu hwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana; Huremu hwezvipenyu zvemarara; Kuchengetera kabhoni yemuvhu;
Kuburitswa kwekabhoni: kuchengetwa kwekabhoni, nguva yekuora, uye kuburitswa kwemarara; Kufema kwevhu kuburitswa kwekabhoni; Kuburitswa kwekabhoni kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwesimba rekunze uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaita sevashandi, simba, mvura nefetereza yekudyara, manejimendi, uye mabasa ebhizinesi.
(2) Danho rekugadzira zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa
Kutamiswa kwekabhoni: huwandu hwekukohwa kana huwandu hwemuti wemushenjere pamwe chete nebiomass yawo;
Kudzoka kwekabhoni: masara emiti kubva pamatanda emiti kana kuti matanda emushenjere, masara ekugadzira zvinhu, uye biomass yavo;
Kuburitswa kwekabhoni: Huwandu hwekabhoni inoburitswa nesimba rekunze uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu, zvakaita sekushanda nesimba, panguva yekuunganidza, kutanga kugadzira, kutakurwa, kuchengetwa, uye kushandiswa kwematanda emushenjere kana emushenjere.
(3) Danho rekugadzirisa nekushandisa chigadzirwa
Kubviswa kwekabhoni: biomass yezvigadzirwa zvemushenjere nezvimwe zvigadzirwa;
Kudzoka kana kuchengetwa kwekabhoni: kugadzirisa masara uye biomass yavo;
Kuburitswa kwekabhoni: Kuburitswa kwekabhoni kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwesimba rekunze kwakadai sekushanda nesimba, simba, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa, uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu panguva yekugadzirisa mayuniti, kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa, uye kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu.
(4) Danho rekutengesa nekushandiswa
Kubviswa kwekabhoni: biomass yezvigadzirwa zvemushenjere nezvimwe zvigadzirwa;
Kuburitswa kwekabhoni: Huwandu hwekabhoni inoburitswa nekushandiswa kwesimba rekunze kwakadai sekutakura nevashandi kubva kumabhizinesi kuenda kumusika wekutengesa.
(5) Danho rekurasa
Kuburitswa kweKabhoni: Kuchengetedzwa kweMarara eKabhoni; Nguva yekuora uye huwandu hwekuburitswa.
Kusiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemasango, masango emushenje anozvivandudza mushure mekucheka miti nekushandiswa nesainzi, pasina chikonzero chekudzokorodza miti. Kukura kwemasango emushenje kuri muchiyero chinoshanduka chekukura uye kunogona kuramba kuchitora kabhoni yakasimbiswa, kuunganidza nekuchengetedza kabhoni, uye kuramba kuchiwedzera kutorwa kwekabhoni. Huwandu hwezvinhu zvemushenje zvinoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvemushenje hausi hukuru, uye kutorwa kwekabhoni kwenguva refu kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemushenje.
Parizvino, hapana tsvakurudzo iri kuitwa pakuyera kabhoni yezvigadzirwa zvemubamboo muhupenyu hwavo hwese. Nekuda kwenguva yakareba yekubuda kwekabhoni panguva yekutengesa, kushandiswa, uye kuraswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemubamboo, kuyera kwazvinoita kabhoni kwakaoma. Mukuita, kuongorora kabhoni kunowanzo tarisa pamatanho maviri: rimwe nderekufungidzira kuchengetwa kwekabhoni uye kuburitswa kwemhepo mukugadzirwa kubva pazvinhu zvakagadzirwa kusvika kune zvigadzirwa; rechipiri nderekuongorora zvigadzirwa zvemubamboo kubva pakudyara kusvika pakugadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-17-2024
